if用法详解(三) if的不详&倒装

发布日期：2024-11-12 13:35    点击次数：60

if用法详解(三) if的不详&倒装

if-型不详结构及不详if而引起的倒装气候在中学英语讲义中频繁出现，况且亦然高考一个十分紧迫的考点，本文拟对其可能触及的结构作一全面归纳。

I不详if倒装

当假造口吻在非确切条目句使用时，if可以不详，从而引起倒装，即把were，had，should提前，以强调假定条目的假造性或凸起谈话东谈主的主不雅愿望。

(1)示意与现在事实违抗的情况

If  I were you, I would never take Shelly somewhere dangerous.

Were I you, I would never take Shelly somewhere dangerous.

如果我是你，我永远不会带雪莉去这样危境的所在。

(2)示意与昔日事实违抗的情况

If Shelly had worked out 23 hours a day, she wouldn't have got constipated.

Had Shelly worked out 23 hours a day, she wouldn't have got constipated.

如果雪莉之前每天进修23个小时，她就不会便秘了。

(3)示意与畴昔事实违抗 

If Shelly were to stay on Salmon Planet, cheaper treatment couldn't be worked out.

Were Shelly to stay on Salmon Planet, cheaper treatment couldn't be worked out.

如果雪莉要待在鲑鱼星球，她就找不到低廉的调养要领。

II if从句中的不详 

(1)if + 姿首词

这类结构普通可视为在if与姿首词之间不详了主语+动词be。

Send the goods now if (they are ready).

货色如已备好，请即送来。

If (it is) true, this will cause us a lot of trouble.

这事如果事实，它将给咱们形成很多繁难。

If necessary, ring me at home. 

如果必要，可往我家里打电话。

If possible, let me know beforehand. 

如果可能，可在预先示知我。

If (it is) convenient, do come to attend our party in Hilton Restaurant tomorrow．

如果浮浅的话，未来一定要来插足咱们在希尔顿饭铺的约会。

(2)if + 昔日分词

其中昔日分词可视为是被不详的被迫结构，即在if与姿首词之间不详了主语+动词be

He will come if (he is) asked.

他受邀就会来。

The medicine is quite effective if (it is) taken in time.

这药要是能依期服用，效力是很好的。

(3)if + 代词

这类不详普通要笔据具体的陡立文来清爽。

①if (there is) anything

a.如有什么不同的话（之前多已说起违抗的情况）;

I haven't made much of this—if anything, I've played it down.

对此我并莫得加以爱重——要说有什么离别的话，那我是看淡它了。

b.若要说的话；

He seems to have little, if anything, to do with this. 

若要说他和这事有什么联系的话，那也似乎是很少的。

c.以致正违抗

He is not diligent,if anything, he is clever.

他不忙碌，正违抗，他很聪惠。

②if any示意数目：如果有(一些)

There are few people nowadays, if (there are)any (people), who remember him. 

现在谨记他的东谈主，如有的话，也未几了。

(4)if + 介词短语

这类结构往往要笔据具体的语境来清爽。

①if in doubt如果有疑问

If(you are) in doubt, ask your doctor. He can give you further information. 

你若有疑问，可以问问医师. 他会向你作进一步的证据。

②if at all即使...也；要是...就

Their policies have changed little, if at all, since the last election. 

自前次选举以来，他们的计策就算是有变化，也变得很少。

Drink in moderation, if at all.

要是喝酒，就适量喝。

③if at all possible尽可能

Work at home if at all possible.=Work at home if it is possible at all.

如果可能的话，尽量在家办公。

④if by any chance万一

If by any chance you can’t manage dinner tonight, perhaps we can at least have a drink together. 

就算你今晚不吃晚饭，也许咱们至少可以一齐喝一杯。

注：以上if不详结构中，不详的主语可以是there、it、以及与从句一致的主语；如主从句主语不一致或从句中枯竭be动词，则不成不详。

If an eyewitness to the accident is brought in, you are sure to be proved innocent.

如果有一个眼见事故的证东谈主在场，你细目会被透露是无辜的。

If the host invites the superstar, he would be glad to show up at the celebration.

如果主执东谈主邀请那位超等巨星，他会很欢畅出席庆祝行径的。

(5)if ever

if ever 可视为习语，它普通与seldom连用，具有狡赖意味，示意“少许”“贵重”，“险些”“即使...也”

She seldom, if ever, goes to the cinema. 

她贵重看电影。

He seldom if ever travels abroad. 

他到外洋旅行，即使有过，亦然少许的。

The island is seldom if ever visited by ships. 

这个岛贵重有船停泊。

If ever you’re in Cambridge, do give me a ring. 

万一你来剑桥，一定要给我打电话。

(6)if not

if not 可视为一个狡赖的条目状语从句不详,“如果不是(那样)的话”

I might see you tomorrow. If not, then it’ll be Saturday. 

我可能未往来看你。如果不是未来，那就在周六。

Ask her if it is a convenient time. If not, can she suggest another possible time? 

问问她阿谁时辰浮浅不浮浅。要是不浮浅，那她可不可以建议一个可行的时辰?

If not today, tomorrow I’m sure you’ll get an answer. 

如果今天得不到回音，未来准能得回。

if not 还可后接示意平等比拟的不详因素：

This is one of the oldest buildings in town, if not the oldest. 

这是城里最陈旧的房屋之一，如果不是最陈旧的话。

Usually, if not always, we write “cannot” as one word. 

咱们即使不老是如斯，也普通是把cannot算作一个词来拼写的。

That alligator would be every bit of 11 foot, if not a little bit bigger.

那只鳄鱼其实体量可以。就算莫得更大，也基本有11英尺了。

Much emphasis is put on how to spend as much time if not more studying by themselves as being taught.

如果没花更多的时辰我方学习，东谈主们会把重心放在若何破钞尽可能多的去收受指令。

His pronunciation, if not good, is at least tolerable. 

他的发音如果说不算好，也还过得去。

We all know that,  if not carefully dealt with the situation will get worse.

咱们齐知谈，如果不防御处理的话，情况会变得更糟。

Though he started late, Mr. Guo played the piano as well as, if  not better than, Miss Liu.

    诚然他弹钢琴开动得晚，但郭先生如果好不外，也弹得跟刘密斯同样好。

(7)if not more than

示意比拟对象在历程上接近或一致：至少也；即使...也

In that business，he earned as much as，if not more than，$40000.

在这个行业，他赚的钱起码有4万好意思元。

Jim plays football as well as，if not better than，Mike.

吉姆踢足球如果不是比迈克踢得更好，至少亦然同样好。

Her pronunciation is as good as，if not better than，her teacher's. 

她的发音和她的淳厚同样好，以致更好。

This bridge is as strong as，if not stronger than，that one. 

这座桥即使莫得比那座更坚固，也同样坚固。

He has been to Guilin as many as，if not more than，ten times.

他去过桂林不下十次。

(8)if so

与if not真谛违抗：如果(情况是)那样的话

I may be free this evening. If so, I’ll come round and see you. 

今晚我可能有空。要是有空我会过来看你。

They must decide if such a plan can be implemented and if so, when. 

他必须决定这样的测度是否能实行，况且要是能实行的话，又得决定何时实行。

He may be busy. If so, I’ll call later. If not, can I see him now? 

他可能忙，这样的话，我以后再来访问。他如不忙，我现在可以见他吗?

Will you be staying another night? If so, we can give you a better room. If not, could you be out of your room by 12:00? 

您要再往一晚吗? 如果是这样，咱们可以给您提供条目更好一丝的房间。如果不是， 您能在12点前离开这房间吗?

(9)if need be 

if need be为习语，其含义十分于if (it is) necessary如果有必要的话：

I will come if need be. 

如有必要我会来。

I’ll work at night if need be. 

如果有必要我可以晚上职责。

If need be we can always bring another car. 

如果有必要的话咱们还可以再开一辆车来。

Disputes are rare and would, if need be, have to be resolved in the courts.

纠纷很少发生，如果有必要，必须通过法庭措置。

(10)if and only if

强调充分必要条目: 当且仅当

Witches are real if and only if there are criteria for identifying witches.

当且仅当有尺度识别女巫，女巫才是确切存在的。

(11)if and when

固定习用语,可以看作是一个单元:如果，万一

If and when the film gets the green light, be sure you've read the book first.

万一电影得回许可，千万保证你也曾读过那本书了。

If and when we ever meet again I hope he remembers what I did for him.

如果咱们再碰面，我但愿他谨记我为他作念了什么。

(12)if I were you

建议建议或劝告: 换作是我

I would go to see him if I were you./ Were I you, I would go to see him.

换作是我，我会去见他。

(13)if only

①if only + to do sth.略含败北口吻：即使只为了

Willy would have to tell George more, if only to stop him pestering.

即使只为了遏制乔治触怒别东谈主，威利也会告诉他更多的。

②if only+ 条目从句 抒发关于现在、昔日或畴昔的缺憾、愿望或不悦：要是…就好了

If only I were as clever as you!(You’ve solved all the riddles.)

我要是能像你同样聪惠该多好啊！

If only I had listened to you.(It’s too late now.)

如果我听你了的话就好了。

If only he would call.

只须他打回电话就好！

比拟：only if增强主句语势：唯有...才

I could buy the house only if a mortgage for 2000 dollars is available.

唯有拿到2000好意思元的典质贷款，我才气买得起阿谁屋子。

Only if presented in this way can your idea get over to the audience.

唯灵验这样的表情建议来，你的真谛才气让听众显著。

(14)no ifs or buts

别找借口；别还价还价；没得操办

There’s no ifs or buts you have to be finished on a date.

莫得任何借口可言，在法规的日子，你必须完成职责。

no ifs or buts---- just do as I tell you!

莫得任何意义跟借口，照我说的去作念！

    (15)make as if to do something

假装作念某事；似乎要

I didn’t get up, but only because you made as if to answer the door.

我莫得站起来，仅仅因为你假装要开门。

Mary made as if to protest, then hesitated.

玛丽似乎要抗议，又犹豫了。

He made as it to resume their embrace, but Polly raised a hand to stop him.

他思再行拥抱他们，但波莉举起一只手遏制了他。

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